Nov 25, 2025 · IZA is a platform committed to advancing high-quality research on the role of labor markets for economic inequality, and the behavioral aspects influencing these areas. Our …

Nov 19, 2025 · IZA World of Labor is an online platform that provides policy analysts, journalists, academics and society generally with relevant and concise information on labor market issues.

This Discussion Paper updates and extends the analysis presented in IZA DP 11136.

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The author thanks three anonymous referees and the IZA World of Labor editors for many helpful suggestions on earlier drafts. The author’s previous work contains a larger number of …

IZA DP No. 17569: The Long-Term Fiscal Impact of Immigrants in the Netherlands, Differentiated by Motive, Source Region and Generation Jan van de Beek, Joop Hartog, Gerrit Kreffer, Hans …

He has also received 16 research awards from the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) and 5 research grants from Human Resource and Development …

Competing interests The IZA World of Labor project is committed to the IZA Code of Conduct. The author declares to have observed the principles outlined in the code. © Mohsen Javdani

When the Journals were launched more than a decade ago in 2012, IZA was a pioneer in establishing the principles of open access publishing in economics to increase the reach of …

Established in 1998 in Bonn, Germany, IZA is an independent, non-profit research institution supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation with a focus on the analysis of global labour …