At the same time, they concluded that the seas of virtual quarks surrounding quark-antiquark pairs carry around 15% of the momentum – a slightly lower percentage than thought previously. In the future ...

Scientists can determine the mass of subatomic particles that are built from quarks by looking at the particles' energy and momentum in four-dimensional spacetime. One of the quantities that ...

The pion is the simplest particle built of quarks. The quarks are "glued" together by the strong force -- a fundamental force of nature that also binds quarks to form protons and neutrons.

Just as the neutral pion is a combination of up-antiup and down-antidown quarks, the other allowable gluons are combinations of red-antired, green-antigreen, and blue-antiblue.

Unlike the other fundamental forces of nature, which get weaker with distance, the strong force gets stronger the farther apart the quarks get (imagine the quarks in a pion attached by a rubber ...

The pion consists of up and down quarks and antiquarks, and its wavefunction, uu-bar-dd-bar, becomes -(uu-bar-dd-bar) under the charge-symmetry operation. In the the n + p → d + π 0 reaction, charge ...

Fifty experts on nuclear physics, particle physics and astrophysics met at CERN from 9 to 13 June to discuss how to use ...

In reality, the proton’s interior swirls with a fluctuating number of six kinds of quarks, their oppositely charged antimatter counterparts (antiquarks), and “gluon” particles that bind the ...

Quarks are elementary particles that are the building blocks of all visible matter in the universe. Explore them in more detail here.