Cosmologists have an embarrassing problem: we don’t know what shape the universe is. The cosmos has three possible geometries—positively curved like a sphere, flat like an infinite plane or negatively ...

Dr. Niayesh Afshordi, professor at the University of Waterloo and Perimeter Institute, draws the renormalization group flow for quadratic quantum gravity (University of Waterloo). Waterloo scientists ...

For the last few decades, researchers have been studying what the universe looked like in its first seconds. It is generally accepted that the universe expanded exponentially in the first fraction of ...