Skeletal muscle organoids help scientists bypass bottlenecks in satellite cell production for muscle regeneration research. Researchers typically create organoid models for other biological systems ...

In vitro spermatogenesis in organ culture systems encompasses methodologies that sustain and promote the full progression of male germ cell development outside the body, within explanted testicular ...

For the immune system to effectively combat pathogens, antibody responses must be precisely controlled. So-called follicular ...

For decades, animal models have been the gold standard for preclinical testing of potential drugs. Yet, even the best animal models are not perfect. For example, small rodent species with engrafted ...

Research and drug discovery are undergoing a transformation, driven by the rise of 3D cell culture models that better replicate human biology. Unlike traditional 2D cultures and animal models, which ...

For example, the hemoglobin denaturation (HD) test and the Ocular Irritection test are in chemico alternatives to the Draize rabbit test. The Draize rabbit test was developed in 1944 to test cosmetic ...