Living things have a remarkable ability to function and thrive in a variety of environments that are constantly changing. Despite exposure to wildly different temperatures during heat waves and cold ...

The nervous system enables humans to react to their surroundings and to coordinate their behaviour. It comprises millions of neurones and uses electrical impulses to communicate very quickly.

When improperly folded proteins build up in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), cells become stressed and conditions such as type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancers can develop. In a ...

Adipose tissue has been ignored by anatomists and physicians for centuries, considered to be an energy storage depot with few interesting attributes. The well-documented rise in obesity during the ...

Osmoregulation is the control of water levels and mineral salts in the blood. Water levels and mineral salts in the blood are controlled to protect cells by stopping too much water from entering or ...

Inflammation is a critical component of the immune response that plays a pivotal role in maintaining tissue homeostasis.