Oesophageal cancer is a cancer that starts in the food pipe. The food pipe is also called the oesophagus or gullet. Cancer is when abnormal cells start to divide and grow in an uncontrolled way. The ...

When will I get the results of my cervical screening? Usually within 2 to 6 weeks. What do the results mean? The test looks for HPV (human papillomavirus). The results will tell you if you have HPV or ...

Why have I got hiccups? We all have hiccups from time to time. We don’t know the exact cause of hiccups but possible causes include eating and drinking too quickly, over eating, and alcohol. People ...

Cancer cells can reach the meninges by travelling in the bloodstream from a cancer somewhere else in the body. Or they might spread from a secondary cancer that has already developed in the brain. A ...

Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of blood cancer that affects white blood cells called lymphocytes. It is also called a cancer of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is a system of thin tubes and ...

You might have surgery to remove most or all the lymph nodes in the armpit (axilla) close to the breast. This is called an axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) or axillary clearance. Breast cancer ...

Survival depends on different factors. So no one can tell you exactly how long you will live. Doctors usually work out the outlook for a certain disease by looking at large groups of people. Because ...

Stereotactic radiotherapy is a way of targeting radiotherapy very precisely at a tumour. This type of treatment is not available at all hospitals because it needs specialist equipment and skills. You ...

Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) means that cancer spread has been found in your body (secondary cancer), but your doctors can't find where the cancer started (the primary cancer). It is sometimes ...

If you’ve been affected by cancer and want to help shape the future of research, we’d love to hear from you. Whether you’re ...

A voice prosthesis is a common way to restore speech after surgery. After surgery to remove the whole of your voice box (total laryngectomy), you are no longer able to speak in the normal way. But ...

Symptoms of ALL can be similar to those caused by other illnesses. You may only have one or some of these symptoms if you have ALL. You should get any of these symptoms checked by your GP. But ...