Light exposure can trigger the seminal, 110-year-old Ullmann reaction—which typically forges C–N bonds via heat and a copper complex—showing that the reaction can proceed via single-­electron transfer ...

The Ullmann reaction is one of the oldest reactions in organometallic chemistry. It is one of the most widely used copper-mediated coupling reactions, widely applied in the construction of ...

Copper-catalyzed cross-coupling encompasses a family of reactions that form carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds by joining two organic fragments under the action of copper catalysts. Traditional ...

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...