As fear of smallpox receded, the Continental Army saw a surge of new recruits. In a 2020 essay for National Geographic, Andrew Lawler wrote that “George Washington’s embrace of science-based ...

Ellis (“His Excellency: George Washington”) wrote that his “very ... ordeals that informed his leadership. His bout with ...

These four doctors were graduates of medical colleges that taught bloodletting and intestinal purging, the ‘remedies’ used to treat George Washington ... than Jenner’s smallpox vaccine.

Yet today, their success is under siege — not by scientific challenges, but by deliberate misinformation campaigns led by figures like Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who has been nominated to oversee the U.S.