Nitrogen-based fertilizers are essential for modern agriculture, and compounds like ammonia and urea are also widely used in industry. However, their conventional production and use pose major ...

Hybrid water electrolysers are recent devices, which produce hydrogen or other reduction products at the cathode, while valuable organic oxidation products are formed at the anode. This innovative ...

Try these quizzes based on GCSE combined science past papers. By working your way through the combined science questions created by experts, you can prepare for your combined science exams and make ...

If you're enjoying this article, consider supporting our award-winning journalism by subscribing. By purchasing a subscription you are helping to ensure the future of impactful stories about the ...

ICSE Class 10 Concise Chemistry Book: ICSE Class 10 Concise Chemistry by Selina Publishers is one of the most recommended reference books for students preparing for the ICSE Board Exam 2026. Selina ...

Remember that the lattice arrangement is giant - for example, a single grain of salt may contain 1.2 × 10 18 (1,200,000,000,000,000,000) ions. The lattice arrangement continues in three dimensions.

POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Spain Department of Materials Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, ...