Two robust approaches have been developed to date. The first approach is based on the eigenvectors of a robust scatter matrix such as the minimum covariance determinant or an S-estimator and is ...

In this article, we develop a new statistic, called the GUD statistic, based on the idea of the Gap method, but use the determinant of the pooled within-group scatter matrix instead of the ...

Visualizing multivariate data with 2D scatter plots usually requires using many of them -- such as with a scatter matrix -- which can overwhelm an observer and obfuscate patterns in the data.