In an innovative study that promises to reduce production costs for the most potent form of vitamin K, Menaquinone-7, researchers have developed a novel method to enhance the fermentation process that ...

Bacteria are everywhere, even inside of our bodies, and they are thought to date back to the early days of life on Earth. These single-celled organisms are classified differently than animals' ...

Intelligence is not a quality to attribute lightly to microbes. There is no reason to think that bacteria, slime molds and similar single-cell forms of life have awareness, understanding or other ...

Most bacteria have the ability to form communities, biofilms, that adhere to a wide variety of surfaces and are difficult to remove. This can lead to major problems, for example in hospitals or in the ...

Bacteria are simple, supposedly. Each one consists of a single microscopic cell. But together, these cells have a surprisingly rich social life, and are capable of unexpectedly complex behaviors. For ...

Bacterial biofilms contain a level of structural organisation that we thought was unique to plants and animals. Biofilms, slimy clumps of microorganisms like bacteria and fungi, were long thought to ...

In an innovative study that promises to reduce production costs for the most potent form of vitamin K -- Menaquinone-7, Penn State researchers have developed a novel method to enhance the fermentation ...