Schematic illustration of Friction Force Microscopy (FFM). The AFM cantilever, a small diving board-like structure about 200 micrometers long, 50 micrometers wide, and 1 micrometer thick, has a sharp ...

Those energy losses counteract the movement of the contact surface, which increases the adhesive force during separation.

"We measured the force during locomotion on individual filamentous ... The bacteria appear to move by adhesion to the surface, as they have no cilia or other external propellers, and higher ...

then a measurement of tether force on a cytoskeletally supported region of a cell (where Eqn 1 applies) and a bleb (where Eqn 2 applies) can be use to calculate the adhesion energy: ...