COLUMN. A German team discovered that some males don't produce testosterone but instead breaks it down, making this bird a symbol of sexual diversity.

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We normally associate high testosterone levels with male dominance and aggression ... There are three types of males, known as morphs, that differ from one another in appearance and behavior.

“This paper explains a lot about the genetic and physiological process that control the development of the three types.” Most male ruffs are known as “independents” and are known for their ...