100 BC – 44 BC / Reigned 46 ... to strengthen the northern borders of the empire and tackle its enemies in the east. At home, he reformed the Roman calendar, tackled local government ...

The artifact likely belonged to the Picts, who occupied a large settlement in what is now the town of Burghead Sonja Anderson New research suggests that the Romans defeated the Jewish rebels at ...

Much of Attila’s infamy comes from his relentless campaign westward into Europe where he pillaged the riches of the Roman Empire. But he was stopped by a confederation of Roman soldiers and ...

The earliest 'brochs' date from 500-200 BC, and many were still occupied into ... Many are associated with centres of tribal power, trade with the Roman world and rich burials.

Ranking immediately below senators, equestrians became an important human resource, whose work underpinned the smooth running of the Roman Empire. As its name suggests, the equestrian class was ...

This is unsurprising given that Petra, situated some 500 kilometres (around ... prospered from the 4th century BC until the 1st century AD, when the Roman Empire claimed their territory, which ...

Economies can grow for a long time on the basis of extraction (the Roman Empire, China in the past three decades ... on the Euphrates in the Neolithic Age, Mayan cities in 500 BC, England in 411), and ...

A marble statue of the Greek god Hermes was discovered in an ancient Roman sewer in southwestern Bulgaria. The 6-foot-8 ...

It underwent kaleidoscopic territorial and structural changes, yet recovered repeatedly from disaster: even after the near-impregnable Constantinople fell in 1204, variant forms of the empire ...

The Romans needed a powerful army to invade foreign lands and defend their empire. But what exactly ... They first invaded Britain in 55 BC, by 79 AD the Roman army came here.

Archaeologists in Germany have discovered the 1,700-year-old burial of a "barbarian" who lived on the edge of the Roman ...

As earlier chapters have shown, the empire’s military situation was alleviated by political upheavals in the Muslim world and the abatement of hammer blows directed by the Abbasid leadership. The ...