Fuzzy logic offers a framework for reasoning under uncertainty by extending classical Boolean logic to accommodate partial truth values represented by real numbers between zero and one. This paradigm ...

Fuzzy relation equations form a mathematical framework for modelling uncertainty by linking input and output variables through graded relations rather than precise functions. Central to this framework ...

Introduces students to ideas and techniques from discrete mathematics that are widely used in science and engineering. Mathematical definitions and proofs are emphasized. Topics include formal logic ...