This lab includes a theoretical explanation of how buffers work and how they are made, including a derivation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Students will use what they have learned to ...

All acidic aqueous solutions contain protonated water, known commonly as the hydronium ion (H 3 O +). Brønsted acids release one or more of their protons (hydrogen ions), which combine with water ...

A new study provides fresh insight into traditional acid-base chemistry by revealing that the mutual neutralization of isolated hydronium (H 3 O⁺) and hydroxide (OH⁻) ions is driven by electron ...

Researchers have been able to directly visualize the neutral products of the mutual neutralization of hydronium and hydroxide, and report three different product channels: two channels were attributed ...

Applying an electric potential causes a proton to transfer from a hydronium ion (at right) to an electrode's surface. Using electrodes with molecularly defined proton binding sites, MIT researchers ...