Disease of the cardiac valves and other cardiac structures frequently results in abnormal, turbulent blood flow within the heart, causing murmurs. Careful auscultation of heart murmurs is an extremely ...

Midsystolic murmurs — also known as systolic ejection murmurs, or SEM — include the murmurs of aortic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and atrial septal defects. A ...