This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Pesticides and their associated modes of action serve as real-world examples of chemical toxicity, stimulating student interest and supporting ...

Cell signalling pathways are central to maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating essential functions such as proliferation, apoptosis, and repair. In both cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, ...

Intracellular peptides, generated predominantly via the ubiquitin–proteasome system, have emerged as critical modulators of cell signalling. These peptides play multifaceted roles, ranging from ...

Cell signaling is crucial for cells to communicate and function correctly. Disruptions in these pathways, caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors, can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, ...

(MEMPHIS, Tenn. – November 6, 2025) The enzyme RNA polymerase II transcribes genes into messenger RNA. This process is guided by modifications to the enzyme’s “tail” called phosphorylation patterns.