Pure μ-opioids (methadone, morphine, hydromorphone) provide profound analgesia and are preferred for extensive dental procedures. Partial agonists (buprenorphine) are suitable for moderate pain.

Q: My dog’s teeth really need to be cleaned, but the thought of anesthesia scares me. How safe is it? Good for you for having your dog’s teeth cleaned! It’s so important for health and comfort. Back ...

Tens of thousands of pets undergo general anesthesia every year in the United States. It may be scary to think of your pet under anesthesia, but it’s generally very safe: Recent studies show only 0.17 ...